Fortress
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Frontier Fortresses of Semna
The ancient Middle Kingdom fortresses of Semna West and Semna East guarded the harsh Second Cataract frontier of Egypt over thirty-nine hundred years ago. Perched atop granite cliffs overlooking the Nile, these massive mudbrick and stone strongholds are famous for historical boundary stele warnings, subterranean water tunnels, and lingering legends of spectral Egyptian garrisons patrolling the deserted gorge.