Fortress
4/5
Fortaleza de Massangano
Fortaleza de Massangano (Fort Nossa Senhora da Vitória de Massangano) sits at the strategic confluence of the Lucala and Kwanza Rivers in Cuanza Norte Province. Built by Paulo Dias de Novais in 1583 after the historic Battle of Massangano, the fortress was the site of fierce colonial battles against Queen Nzinga's forces, served as Angola's temporary capital during Dutch occupation, and functioned as a brutal slave holding station and penal colony. It is widely rumored to be haunted by fallen soldiers and incarcerated political exiles.