Cave
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Isandra Caves
The Isandra Cliffs and Caves are a dramatic granite rock formation located northwest of Fianarantsoa in Madagascar's central highlands. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Betsileo royal rulers constructed fortified cave villages high up the vertical cliff face to defend against enemy raids. Containing ancient royal burial niches, grain silos, and protective stone barricades, the caves are revered as sacred ancestral shrines haunted by Betsileo warrior spirits.